DAT Bootcamp Molecules and Fundamentals of Biology Practice Test

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• Which term describes the two ends of a polypeptide?
• Starch contains glucose monomers in linear forms as well as branched forms. This describes starch's structural arrangement as being composed of which types of chains?
• Which bond describes the linkage between glycerol and fatty acids?
• Which phrase best describes intermolecular forces?
• Fructose is a ______ and has ______ carbons.
• Which statement about wax composition is true?
• Prosthetic groups are cofactors that are tightly or covalently bound to enzymes.
• Which level of protein structure describes the spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains?
• Which statement about glycerol's structure is true?
• What are the four components of amino acids?
• Polypeptides are formed by which type of reaction?
• Which molecule can act as a catalyst and also carry genetic information?
• Nucleosides and nucleotides both contain which of the following components?
• How old is the universe?
• Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide.
• Ribose sugars have _____ at _____ carbon.
• Sucrose is a ______ from ______
• A holoenzyme is best described as
• How does cholesterol affect membrane stability at high versus low temperature?
• Which type of bond links nucleotides in the backbone?
• Which statement best describes why cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity at cold temperatures?
• Which statement best defines the specificity constant in enzyme kinetics?
• Which statement best describes a noncompetitive inhibitor?
• What fatty acid contains double bonds?
• In the RNA world hypothesis, proteins replaced RNA primarily to catalyze reactions. Which option best describes the proposed reason?
• Aliphatic refers to
• Which statement is a cornerstone of modern cell theory?
• Glycogen contains many glucose monomers.
• Which statement correctly describes enzymes?
• A coenzyme is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is an example of a glycoprotein?
• The RNA world hypothesis is best described as:
• Which component is not part of a phospholipid?
• Which statement best describes nucleic acids?
• Carotenoids contain
• Which statement best describes monounsaturated fatty acids?
• Enzymes bind to ________ at the ________.
• Which polymer is a structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls, wood, and paper?
• Branched polysaccharides usually have what type of linkage?
• Which statement best describes the implication of unsaturation in fatty acids?
• Catalysts increase ______ by ______.
• Monounsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds?
• Purines are which type of structures?
• Which statement about hormones is correct?
• What is the term for the small molecule consisting of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and an R group?
• Which RNA molecule still catalyzes reactions?
• Glycosidic bonds are best described as
• Cellulose has what type of linkage?
• Monosaccharides have a ratio of what per water molecule?
• Monosaccharides have what general formula?
• Cellulose is described as rigid due to its structure.
• In enzyme kinetics, what happens when the enzyme is saturated with substrate?
• What binds to adenine in RNA?
• miRNA stands for
• Amino acids are the what of proteins?
• How many atoms does an element contain?
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is characterized by which property?
• Enzymes are biological ________ by binding to _______.
• Which level is determined by the sequence of amino acids?
• Sphingolipids are distinguished from glycerolipids by having which backbone?
• In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, substrates are the molecules that undergo chemical change.
• Which statement is accurate about the sugars in DNA and RNA?
• Phospholipids are
• Cellulose is ________ packed in ________.
• Glycolipids are amphipathic because they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
• Monomers are:
• A mutation changing R-group properties most directly affects which level?
• Mnemonic for purine nitrogenous bases?
• Chitin is a structural polysaccharide.
• Cholesterol is a
• Which of the following defines a nucleoside?
• Which fatty acids have more than one double bond?
• tRNA stands for what?
• Which feature is true about wax esters?
• During noncompetitive inhibition, what happens to Km and Vmax?
• An example of a protein receptor given in the material is
• What structures are included in the secondary structure?
• Amylopectin contains which types of glycosidic bonds?
• How many hydrogen bonds connect adenine and thymine?
• Which term describes waxes and carotenoids in lipid classification?
• Which statement correctly describes cofactors and coenzymes?
• Amylopectin is a _____ chain.
• Chitin is found in the cell walls of which organisms and in the exoskeletons of which animals?
• How are glycerol and fatty acids connected in fats?
• Which statement correctly describes glycolipids?
• How are waxes bonded?
• Glycogen serves primarily as a storage polysaccharide in animals. What is its main role?
• Which statement correctly describes about nucleotides' role in DNA and RNA?
• Which list correctly represents the functions encompassed by the HISSER mnemonic?
• Waxes have long fatty acid chains connected to monohydroxy alcohols via ester linkages.
• Guanine forms how many hydrogen bonds with cytosine?
• During transcription, mRNA is synthesized using which molecule as a template?
• Lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
• Ribozymes are RNA molecules that function as what?
• Which description best captures the induced fit theory?
• Chitin has what type of linkage?
• Quaternary structure of a protein is defined as
• RNA stands for
• dsRNA stands for
• Which of the following describes the three kinds of carbohydrates?
• Which element is added to chitin's monomer?
• Cellulose is found in _______.
• Triglycerides are a type of what biomolecule?
• What distinguishes polyunsaturated fatty acids?
• Which statement about condensation reactions is true?
• Metalloprotein example among the following is?
• Which reaction breaks peptide bonds?
• Each amino acid has a different what that contributes to its properties?
• Ribose sugars are found in which nucleic acid?
• Prosthetic groups are best described as
• What differentiates nucleosides from nucleotides?
• Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids.
• In the phosphodiester linkage between two nucleotides, the phosphate group of one nucleotide is attached to which carbon of the first nucleotide's sugar?
• Deoxyribose sugars are found in which nucleic acid?
• What are the two kinds of fatty acids?
• As temperature increases, membrane fluidity
• In a conjugated protein, the non-protein component is called what?
• Cytosine pairs with which base?
• Which nitrogenous base is part of DNA but not RNA?
• Protein storage is defined as which of the following?
• Disulfide bridges contribute to stabilizing which level of protein structure?
• Kinks in fatty acid tails cause what?
• Which two components form the sugar-phosphate backbone?
• DNA stands for
• Which molecule stores genetic information and passes it to offspring?
• In noncompetitive inhibition, what happens if more substrate is added?
• In competitive inhibition, what happens to the apparent Km?
• Purines can form hydrogen bonds with which type of base?
• Which lipoprotein primarily delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues?
• Phosphodiester bonds are formed through which type of reaction?
• Waxes are a type of lipids.
• Which group is at the C-terminus of a polypeptide?
• Activation energy concept: what happens when a catalyst is present?
• Which component of starch is linear?
• Chitin has what element added to each monomer?
• The tertiary structure of a protein is the 3D structure due to what interactions?
• Proteins contain what elements?
• What is an atom?
• Two types of starch are amylose and amylopectin.
• When HDL is present, it reduces which of the following in the blood?
• Intramolecular forces are:
• Lipids contain ______ tails that make them hydrophobic.
• Which statement about purines and pyrimidines is true?
• What is a transition state?
• Secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by what?
• Metalloproteins are proteins that require what for their function?
• To which class do glycolipids belong?
• An apoenzyme is defined as an enzyme that is
• Lipids are composed of which elements?
• Which statement about nucleotides is true?
• Phospholipids ______ ______ into a bilayer.
• What are phospholipid components?
• How many amino acids are there?
• Maltose is a ______ from ______
• Feedback inhibition often involves a product binding to which site to regulate enzyme activity?
• Amylose is a ______ chain.
• Which of the following is true about a nucleoside?
• Amylose has what type of linkage?
• Which of the following is a non-protein component of a conjugated protein?
• Phospholipids assemble to form
• Starch is an energy source for
• Which term describes a protein composed of multiple polypeptide chains?
• In the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor, which is true about Km?
• What are conjugated proteins?
• Metalloproteins require a metal ion cofactor for function.
• Monosaccharides have what general formula?
• Which statement about elements is true?
• Waxes and carotenoids are lipid _______.
• Glycerol contains how many carbons and hydroxyl groups?
• Nucleotides can be further categorized depending on their nitrogen base as a _____ or _____
• Regarding cofactors in holoenzymes, which statement is true?
• Which statement about matter is correct?
• What effect do catalysts have on the equilibrium position of a reaction?
• Michaelis constant (Km) is defined as which of the following?
• DNA nitrogenous bases
• An example of a coenzyme is which of the following?
• Disaccharides are formed from how many monosaccharide units?
• Nucleotides build into DNA and RNA.
• Which type tends to have straighter tails due to packing tightly?
• Triglycerides are built on which backbone?
• Denaturation leaves which level of protein structure unchanged?
• Which statement about polysaccharides is correct?
• What type of bond joins amino acids to form polypeptides?
• Phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, meaning they are
• Which molecule serves as a common precursor to steroid hormones?
• Which term correctly identifies an enzyme not bound to its cofactors?
• DNA has an antiparallel double helix.
• Which base is found in RNA but not DNA?
• A ribozyme is best described as which of the following?
• Based on the examples provided, what is the range of carbon numbers for common monosaccharides described?
• Which statement best describes the geometry of DNA's two strands?
• Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as good cholesterol?
• What is matter?
• What is the polymer formed by many amino acids connected by peptide bonds?
• Waxes are used as
• Which statement correctly describes a metalloprotein?
• Purines can only H-bond to _____
• Disaccharides are
• Saturation in enzyme kinetics refers to which situation?
• Triglyceride components include glycerol and three fatty acids.
• The 5' end of a DNA strand is characterized by which group?
• Pyrimidines nitrogenous bases?
• Steroid hormones have
• Sphingolipids function to provide
• Which statement is true about enzymes?
• _____ is the amino acid structural feature (other than the R-group).
• What is the principal function of lipoproteins?
• Steroid hormones have how many hydrocarbon rings?
• Which feature accounts for amino acid diversity?
• Which statement about polymers is true?
• Purines can form hydrogen bonds with which type of base?
• Which lipoprotein has the highest protein density?
• tRNA participates in which cellular process?
• What is the allosteric site?
• Guanine base pairing true statement
• Which type of force determines the physical properties of molecules?
• Glucose is a ______ and has ______ carbons.
• Carbohydrates contain which elements?
• Deoxyribose sugars have ______ at _____ carbon.
• Most enzymes are which type of molecule?
• In noncompetitive inhibition, which statement is true regarding Vmax and Km?
• The 5' end of the sugar-phosphate backbone is the
• RNA nitrogenous bases
• Which statement best describes triglycerides?
• Polymers are:
• Which unsaturated fatty acid packs tightly?
• Steroid hormones are derived from which molecule?
• The backbone of DNA is formed by linking sugar and phosphate groups through which type of bond?
• A ribozyme is composed of which type of molecule and functions as what?
• Which are exceptions to the central dogma?
• The primary structure of a protein refers to what?
• Which elements are present in nucleic acids?
• Polysaccharides have diverse roles; which statement describes their functional range?
• Amino acids form which type of molecule?
• Which group is free at the 3' end of the sugar-phosphate backbone?
• mRNA is copied from _____ during _____.
• In competitive inhibition, what is the effect of adding more substrate?
• What is a hydrolysis reaction?
• Which enzyme directly adds a phosphate group to a substrate by breaking bonds within the substrate?
• Regarding inorganic cofactors, which is true?
• Which molecule is amphipathic and a common component of animal cell membranes?
• Which statement about LDL and HDL is true?
• Which statement accurately describes the role of cofactors in enzymatic reactions?
• Glucose and fructose are ______.
• A nucleotide includes which components beyond the sugar and base?
• What is the correct flow of information in the central dogma of genetics?
• Glycoproteins are a type of conjugated protein.
• The first cells on earth were approximately how old?
• Saturated fatty acids contain which of the following?
• LDL means someone has which type of cholesterol?
• Good cholesterol delivers cholesterol to the liver to make bile. Which lipoprotein does this describe?
• Which statement describes amylose linkage?
• A glycoprotein is defined as what?
• Starch is a ______
• Which enzyme does not break bonds to add a phosphate group?
• DNA synthesis direction?
• Proteins contain what elements?
• Ribose is a ______ and has ______ carbons.
• Which is cited as an example of a protein receptor in the material?
• Which of the following is a purine?
• Which term describes an enzyme that is bound to cofactors and is active?
• Cholesterol contains ______ hydrocarbon rings.
• Chitin is found in ______.
• Which of the following pairs correctly matches fatty acid category with its double-bond status?
• A sugar-phosphate backbone has what ends?
• RNA type primarily involved in gene silencing by base pairing with complementary mRNA sequences
• Which category does glucose belong to?
• What constitutes the outer coat of lipoproteins?
• What term describes molecules that have the potential to bond to other identical molecules through chemical reactions?
• Which enzyme uses a phosphate from ATP to phosphorylate substrates?
• Which cellular process translates mRNA into a polypeptide?
• Disaccharides are formed from which type of reaction?
• Monomers are the repeating units that join together to form polymers.
• DNA goes in which directions?
• Chitin is found in the cell walls of which organisms?
• Is a ribozyme a protein enzyme?
• Which mnemonic is used for remembering protein function?
• A series of phosphodiester bonds create which structure?
• Which level includes alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?
• Substrates are what?
• Proteins are formed by linking amino acids into long chains called what?
• According to the RNA world hypothesis, why were proteins proposed to replace RNA?
• What is true about a glycoprotein?
• Glycogen has what type of linkage?
• Which backbone is found in phospholipids?
• Which component is NOT part of an amino acid?
• Hormones are
• Which base is unique to RNA among the four standard bases?
• Starch has what kind of linkage?
• Which sugar is a monosaccharide with five carbons according to the material?
• During competitive inhibition, what happens to Km and Vmax?
• Loss of _____ leads to a loss of protein function (denaturation).
• Why is an enzyme kinetic plot used?
• Conjugated double bonds in carotenoids are responsible for their ability to function as pigments by absorbing light.
• In RNA, which base pairs with adenine?
• What are the components of a triglyceride?
• Which polymer is primarily found in plant cell walls?
• Primary structure is defined as
• Which is the repeating unit that makes up starch?
• Cholesterol is a common precursor to
• Which type creates a kink (doesn't pack tightly)?
• Protein immunity is best described as
• If all active sites of an enzyme are occupied by substrate, the enzyme is in what state?
• Which configuration causes kinks that prevent tight packing?
• In competitive inhibition, what does the inhibitor do?
• Catalysts ________ of transition state.
• Glycogen is composed of many monomers of which sugar?
• In the RNA world hypothesis, DNA replaced RNA in storing genetic information because RNA is ______.
• Uracil pairs with base on opposite strand
• Disulfide bonds are _____ bonds.
• Triglycerides are composed of glycerol bonded to how many fatty acids?
• Catalysts don't
• Cholesterol contains how many hydrocarbon rings?
• An atom retains what properties of an element?
• Polysaccharides are
• Mnemonic for pyrimidines?
• What is an element?
• The R-group can what?
• Pyrimidines have how many rings?
• A molecule that helps an enzyme catalyze a reaction but is not itself a protein is called a
• Elevated LDL levels can cause which health issue?
• Glycogen is a _________.
• Which statement about starch is true?
• Which category contains fatty acids with at least one double bond?
• Which molecule contains Uracil?
• dsRNA is seen in
• The four structures of proteins are:
• Trans unsaturated fatty acids have which property?
• What is the primary role of HDL in cholesterol transport?
• Cellulose is a _______.
• What structural feature do cis unsaturated fatty acids have?
• HISSER mnemonic is associated with which protein functions?
• What is a molecule?
• Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in fungi, insects, and exoskeletons?
• Protein receptors are located in which locations and support which tissues?
• Adenine bonds with which base in DNA?
• Which category contains fatty acids with no double bonds?
• Catalysts don't affect the energy of what?
• Which bases are purines?
• Which statement correctly matches a structural polysaccharide with its typical biological role?
• When membrane fluidity is in the cold, what maintains it?
• What feature do fatty acids have?
• Cholesterol is a starting material for vitamin D and bile acids.
• In the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor, Km remains unchanged. Which of the following statements is true?
• Unsaturated fatty acids can be divided into what based on amount of double bonds?
• How do triglycerides differ from phospholipids?
• Which term best describes the solubility of lipids in water?
• Where are glycolipids primarily located in a cell?
• Glycolipids share amphipathic characteristics with which class of molecules?
• Which enzyme-substrate theory is considered outdated?
• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is characterized by which property?
• Which sugar is a monosaccharide with six carbons according to the material?
• Which statement best explains why saturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature?
• Maltose is a disaccharide formed from glucose and glucose. Which option correctly lists its components?
• mRNA is ______ stranded.
• Sphingolipids have backbone features described as
• What is the 'n' in the monosaccharide formula intended to indicate?
• Glycolipids are located on the outer layer of the cell membrane.
• Protein denaturation is defined as
• Which group is at the N-terminus of a polypeptide?
• Denaturation can be caused by what factors?
• What best defines a cofactor?
• What is an isomer?
• What is a proteome?
• Which set of bases is present in DNA?
• Which enzyme class removes a phosphate group from a molecule?
• What makes triglycerides insoluble in water?
• Nucleotides are what to DNA and RNA?
• What is the core proposition of the RNA world hypothesis regarding early life?
• Which class of lipids includes a backbone derived from an amino alcohol and often participates in cell recognition?
• Cholesterol is a starting material for
• Which statement correctly describes the polarity of phospholipid components?
• What type of bond joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
• How are saturated fatty acids packed?
• What is a condensation reaction?
• Carotenoids function as
• Cholesterol is a component in
• Glycogen is primarily an energy source in which organisms?
• Amino group on an amino acid is what?
• Which statement best describes a conjugated protein?
• An atom is:
• What are the two ends of DNA?
• Disulfide bonds are covalent bonds between which atoms?
• dsRNA must
• Inorganic cofactors are usually which type of substance?
• In glycolipids, what is attached in place of a phosphate group?
• Which enzyme indirectly adds a phosphate group to a substrate by transferring a phosphate from ATP?
• If a protein enzyme is exposed to inappropriate temperature or pH, what happens to its structure?
• Which polymer is described as linear and packed in rigid parallel fashion?
• Cholesterol contains four fused hydrocarbon rings.
• Metalloproteins are a type of conjugated protein.
• Guanine pairs with which base?
• Which statement is NOT consistent with modern cell theory?
• Which statement best captures how enzymes catalyze reactions?
• In relation to proteins, amino acids are considered what?
• Which statement best describes amylopectin?
• Starch is a crucial storage polysaccharide in plants. Which category does starch belong to?
• What is the process called when monomers bond together to form larger molecules?
• Starch contains glucose monomers in linear forms as well as branched forms. What is the monomer of starch?
• Glycogen is a polysaccharide.
• During nucleic acid polymerization, nucleoside triphosphates are added to which end of the backbone?
• miRNA does what?
• In noncompetitive inhibition, where does the inhibitor bind?
• Vmax is what?
• What is the primary function of protein enzymes?
• Which fatty acid is solid at room temperature?
• Carotenoids are
• Lactose is a ______ from ______
• Enzymes make ______ into products
• Chitin is a ______.
• According to the RNA world hypothesis, RNA stored ______ and catalyzed ______.
• Which has more branching, glycogen or amylopectin?
• What factors influence membrane fluidity?
• Monomers are:
• Chitin is also found in the exoskeletons of which organisms?
• Purines include which bases?
• Which statement best describes the effect of denaturation on enzyme activity?
• In DNA, Adenine pairs with which base?
• Which byproduct is released when a phosphodiester bond forms?